chemical Addiction

[Adam78]

I vape 24mg (home made peppermint menthol mostly) and I still get that first nic rush of the day...and a nice minty icy blast like being slapped by a Wampa, to go with it

[4madcats]

Not sure how relevant this is cos it is 4yrs old & there doesn't appear to be a follow up, but an interesting read none the less.

The Prof' talks about the drug cocktail of Nicotine but doesn't specify what that it is or whether it's just confined to the combustion process when combined with tobacco, & it was when e-cigs were in their infancy so I assume he was only studying ciggies & NRT  

insert quote hereProfessor: Nicotine does not cause cigarette addiction
By: Jessica Testa
Published On: Thursday, September 3, 2009
Printer-friendly version


An ASU professor is challenging widely held conceptions about smoking, including challenging the view that nicotine is addictive.

Peter Killeen, emeritus professor of psychology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, presented his research findings for the National Institute on Drug Abuse on the Tempe campus Wednesday afternoon.

The talk was called “Reefer Madness: There ain’t no such Thing as Addiction to Nicotine.”

NIDA initially invited Killeen to look into ways to improve scientific research on drug abuse, specifically nicotine addiction.

“I came up with a shocking discovery,” Killeen said. “There’s no such thing as nicotine addiction.”

“It’s time to get our heads straight,” Killeen said. “What causes the tremendously addicting power of cigarettes is the drug cocktail of nicotine,” he said, not nicotine itself.

Before he got into his findings, Killeen said he wanted to make clear that tobacco kills.

“[Tobacco] is the number one preventable cause of death in developing nations,” he said. “Half of the people who are lifelong smokers will die of smoking-related illness.”

And yet, he said, the mass addiction to cigarettes and the public knowledge of tobacco’s deadliness creates a paradox.

There is something missing in the equation, Killeen said: A sufficient answer about what causes the powerful addiction.

For years, researchers have maintained that nicotine is the cause of tobacco addiction.

But Killeen said new evidence suggests otherwise.

“A large portion of the research on tobacco studies is done on nicotine. But the research has not been very reinforcing,” Killeen said. “Nicotine in itself is not very rewarding. You can go to any drugstore and buy a packet of Nicorette chewing gum.”

But people don’t overdose on Nicorette chewing gum, he said.

“Studies have shown that none of the nicotine replacement therapies — chewing gum, inhalers, patches — none of those are addictive,” he said. “Nicotine is not addictive. So what’s going on?”

The cause of addiction is the release of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs, along with nicotine, Killeen said.

While nicotine affects the release of dopamine, or the “reward hormone” that affects emotions and movement, MAOIs help regulate dopamine levels, Killeen said.

“When you put together something that directly releases dopamine and another thing that helps the brain clean up excess dopamine, you’ve got a one-two punch,” he said. “It is my hypothesis that it’s a combination of nicotine with some of these other chemicals that causes the powerful addiction.”

Killeen said publicizing his research is important in moving forward with the study.

“Not everybody knows that nicotine is not addictive,” he said. “This negatively affects both the research and public opinion.”

Many people are hesitant to accept the research’s implications, but Killeen said his hypothesis is hard to deny.

“I presented this position to 20 of the world’s experts,” he said. “And though some were shocked and insulted, no one could argue that my case was untrue.”

ASU Director of Campus Health Services Allan Markus said it would take a thorough clinical trial to further prove Killeen’s hypothesis.

“The overall scientific evidence from research, going back many, many years, proves that nicotine is addictive,” Markus said.

Anthropology sophomore Marisa Rios said the social aspect of smoking appeals to her.

“What makes me smoke is not the jonesing or need for a fix every 15 minutes,” she said. “What makes me smoke is stress or just wanting something to do.”

Killeen said even though the addiction to cigarettes is highly chemical, a large part of quitting comes from creating distance from these social smoking situations.

Of 100 smokers who decided to quit, only 10 are still abstinent after a year, meaning there is a 90 percent relapse rate, Killeen said.

“There’s no such thing as a cure, in the sense that there’s always a very small but real possibility of relapse [for successful quitters],” Killeen said. “You can’t ever let down your guard.”

[siffy]

Jun 19, 2013 16:27:11 GMT Adam78 said:

I vape 24mg (home made peppermint menthol mostly) and I still get that first nic rush of the day...and a nice minty icy blast like being slapped by a Wampa, to go with it

I bought some menthol the other day, after reading about it giving the morning kick. I purchased a pre made one, from vape escape, might get a sample of 24 then, and just limit that to the morning one, oh and the night cap Baileys one too..he he he

[siffy]

Jun 19, 2013 16:34:11 GMT 4madcats said:

Not sure how relevant this is cos it is 4yrs old & there doesn't appear to be a follow up, but an interesting read none the less.

The Prof' talks about the drug cocktail of Nicotine but doesn't specify what that it is or whether it's just confined to the combustion process when combined with tobacco, & it was when e-cigs were in their infancy so I assume he was only studying ciggies & NRT  

insert quote hereProfessor: Nicotine does not cause cigarette addiction
By: Jessica Testa
Published On: Thursday, September 3, 2009
Printer-friendly version


An ASU professor is challenging widely held conceptions about smoking, including challenging the view that nicotine is addictive.

Peter Killeen, emeritus professor of psychology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, presented his research findings for the National Institute on Drug Abuse on the Tempe campus Wednesday afternoon.

The talk was called “Reefer Madness: There ain’t no such Thing as Addiction to Nicotine.”

NIDA initially invited Killeen to look into ways to improve scientific research on drug abuse, specifically nicotine addiction.

“I came up with a shocking discovery,” Killeen said. “There’s no such thing as nicotine addiction.”

“It’s time to get our heads straight,” Killeen said. “What causes the tremendously addicting power of cigarettes is the drug cocktail of nicotine,” he said, not nicotine itself.

Before he got into his findings, Killeen said he wanted to make clear that tobacco kills.

“[Tobacco] is the number one preventable cause of death in developing nations,” he said. “Half of the people who are lifelong smokers will die of smoking-related illness.”

And yet, he said, the mass addiction to cigarettes and the public knowledge of tobacco’s deadliness creates a paradox.

There is something missing in the equation, Killeen said: A sufficient answer about what causes the powerful addiction.

For years, researchers have maintained that nicotine is the cause of tobacco addiction.

But Killeen said new evidence suggests otherwise.

“A large portion of the research on tobacco studies is done on nicotine. But the research has not been very reinforcing,” Killeen said. “Nicotine in itself is not very rewarding. You can go to any drugstore and buy a packet of Nicorette chewing gum.”

But people don’t overdose on Nicorette chewing gum, he said.

“Studies have shown that none of the nicotine replacement therapies — chewing gum, inhalers, patches — none of those are addictive,” he said. “Nicotine is not addictive. So what’s going on?”

The cause of addiction is the release of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs, along with nicotine, Killeen said.

While nicotine affects the release of dopamine, or the “reward hormone” that affects emotions and movement, MAOIs help regulate dopamine levels, Killeen said.

“When you put together something that directly releases dopamine and another thing that helps the brain clean up excess dopamine, you’ve got a one-two punch,” he said. “It is my hypothesis that it’s a combination of nicotine with some of these other chemicals that causes the powerful addiction.”

Killeen said publicizing his research is important in moving forward with the study.

“Not everybody knows that nicotine is not addictive,” he said. “This negatively affects both the research and public opinion.”

Many people are hesitant to accept the research’s implications, but Killeen said his hypothesis is hard to deny.

“I presented this position to 20 of the world’s experts,” he said. “And though some were shocked and insulted, no one could argue that my case was untrue.”

ASU Director of Campus Health Services Allan Markus said it would take a thorough clinical trial to further prove Killeen’s hypothesis.

“The overall scientific evidence from research, going back many, many years, proves that nicotine is addictive,” Markus said.

Anthropology sophomore Marisa Rios said the social aspect of smoking appeals to her.

“What makes me smoke is not the jonesing or need for a fix every 15 minutes,” she said. “What makes me smoke is stress or just wanting something to do.”

Killeen said even though the addiction to cigarettes is highly chemical, a large part of quitting comes from creating distance from these social smoking situations.

Of 100 smokers who decided to quit, only 10 are still abstinent after a year, meaning there is a 90 percent relapse rate, Killeen said.

“There’s no such thing as a cure, in the sense that there’s always a very small but real possibility of relapse [for successful quitters],” Killeen said. “You can’t ever let down your guard.”

[siffy]

Thanks for that madcats. You know it just sparked a memory. I read the Allen Carrs easy way, bk 2, many years ago. I can remember him saying something on a simular line, about nicotine not being the problem but all the other stuff. Am sure I remember it, or have I just imagined he wrote that, I do doubt myself at times.

[matt1988]

Right maybe this may help (just my experience however). When I first got my ego with a ce4 on it, the first day made me feel like I was high. A little dizzy but generally spaced out. And ive heard this is a common experience. So that tells me the delivery system is good, otherwise that wouldn't have happened.

Fast forward 2 months and had a few tokes on a ciggy (put it out as it was rank!) I got a different sort of headrush and this was after I had had a vape. That tells me that it's either the delivery system is much much faster (but I got a headrush when vaping at the start) or there are alot of other addictive chemicals (chemicals that affect the brain which makes them addictive) in a tobacco cigarette.

Now I'm not going to say to those long time vapers that they should go and have a couple of puffs on a stinky to know what I mean, but I think many of you have probably already experienced it.

That is another reason why NRTs don't work, they only replace the nicotine, not the other chemicals nor the habit of smoking. Its like trying to cut out 2/3 of smoking, whereas vaping is only cutting out 1/3, the 'other' addictive chemicals.

I hope that makes some sort of sense. It may not be factual but its something I have experienced.

[ChillerVapes]

Jun 19, 2013 16:10:53 GMT Adam78 said:

ChillerVapes & pedaldog what strength juice do you vape?

I use 16 - 18mg.

[siffy]

Jun 19, 2013 16:54:07 GMT matt1988 said:

Right maybe this may help (just my experience however). When I first got my ego with a ce4 on it, the first day made me feel like I was high. A little dizzy but generally spaced out. And ive heard this is a common experience. So that tells me the delivery system is good, otherwise that wouldn't have happened.

Fast forward 2 months and had a few tokes on a ciggy (put it out as it was rank!) I got a different sort of headrush and this was after I had had a vape. That tells me that it's either the delivery system is much much faster (but I got a headrush when vaping at the start) or there are alot of other addictive chemicals (chemicals that affect the brain which makes them addictive) in a tobacco cigarette.

Now I'm not going to say to those long time vapers that they should go and have a couple of puffs on a stinky to know what I mean, but I think many of you have probably already experienced it.

That is another reason why NRTs don't work, they only replace the nicotine, not the other chemicals nor the habit of smoking. Its like trying to cut out 2/3 of smoking, whereas vaping is only cutting out 1/3, the 'other' addictive chemicals.

I hope that makes some sort of sense. It may not be factual but its something I have experienced.

Yes, it makes sense to me. It's like when after a ciggy quiting attempt, you have your first pull and you feel dizzy and unusual. I have never tried it but can imagine putting say a patch on, or chewing gum after a quit these break wouldn't give you a feeling at all?

[matt1988]

They do give you a feeling, just like when I first started vaping. But nothing like a first pull on a smoke after say a week or 2 without stinkies.

[siffy]

Jun 19, 2013 17:38:00 GMT matt1988 said:

They do give you a feeling, just like when I first started vaping. But nothing like a first pull on a smoke after say a week or 2 without stinkies.

When you think of the feeling you/we got after our first ever stinky it's a wonder I ever tried another really. I was 13, so imagine I was just trying to save face, in front of the others? To be honest I can't even remember my first go at it at all.

I do miss that morning head rush a teeny tiny bit, but not nearly enough to go back to stinkies.

[ChillerVapes]

For anyone who misses that head rush, a quick wiff of 2 stoke oil has the same effect and I doubt it will be as harmful as smoking lol












(Thats a joke btw, please don't go out and buy any 2 stroke oil jist for a 5min buzz in the morning with your coffee)
Lol

[lobeydosser]

I find a mouthful of Sherbet gives me much the same buzz.

[bazzer]

I reckon its also the actions of vaping that simulate smoking that give some sort of satisfaction, hand to mouth, throat hit, something in your hand and when I'm driving to work I always seem to be chugging on the Riva at the same point of the journey, which is the same point when I was smoking fags. If I was to give the Riva a good bashing of 36mg first thing in the morning I can get something of a head rush, but not quite the same as a real ciggie which points me in the same direction of previous posters that its all the other rubbish in the ciggies that contribute.

[Moggy]

Vaping nicotine delivers it to your bloodstream much slower than smoking tobacco, that's a big contributing factor to the head rush. The addiction to other chemicals in tobacco smoke is well publicised

[pedaldog]

Jun 19, 2013 17:12:19 GMT ChillerVapes said:

Jun 19, 2013 16:10:53 GMT Adam78 said:

ChillerVapes & pedaldog what strength juice do you vape?

I use 16 - 18mg.

Mostly 24mg, sometimes 18mg.